Fransiscus Fendy Novento

Beberapa masukan dari followers blog ini meminta saya untuk menulis mengenai ISO 45001:2018 (Occupational Health and Safety Management System Requirements) setelah membaca posting saya mengenai ISO 14001:2015. Secara struktur keduanya memiliki template yang sama karena adanya Annex SL, hanya scopenya berbeda karena ISO 45001:2018 berbicara mengenai Sistem Manajemen K3. ISO 45001:2018 ini merupakan upgrade dari OHSAS 18001:2007

Sebelum masuk ke penjelasan mengenai Klausulnya, ada beberapa istilah yang menurut saya menarik untuk dikomentari:

• worker (3.3 note 2) include top management,managerial and non-managerial persons
• participation (3.4) and consultation (3.5) includes engaging health and safety committees and workers’ representative (=Komite KP + perwakilan pekerja meminjam istilah SMKP)
• competence (3.23) ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve intended results (kata attitude tidak dimasukkan)
• corrective action (3.36) action to eliminate the cause(s) of nonconformity or an incidents and to prevent recurrence (preventive action sudah masuk dalam definisi ini)

Berikut adalah penjelasan singkat dari Klausul yang ada dalam ISO 45001:2018. Saya hanya mengutip beberapa yang menarik untuk dibaca dalam kutipan merah, versi lengkapnya silahkan dibaca sendiri.

Klausul 4 – Context of the organization

Organisasi harus menentukan faktor internal dan eksternal (4.1) + needs dan expectations dari interested parties (4.2) + planned or performed work-related activities untuk menentukan scope (4.3) dan embuat OH&S Management System (4.4)

Klausul 5 – Leadership and worker participation

• Leadership and commitment (5.1)
  • protecting workers from reprisals when reporting incidents, hazards, risks and opportunities.
• OH&S policy (5.2)
• Organization roles,responsibilities and authorities (5.3)
  • while responsibility and authority can be assigned, ultimately top management is still accountable for the functioning of the OH&S management system
• Consultation and participation of workers (5.4)
  • obstacles and barriers can  include failure to respond to worker inputs or suggestions, language or literacy barriers, reprisals or threats of reprisals and policies or practices that discourage or penalize worker participation
  • it is recognized that the provision of training at no cost to workers and the provision of training during working hours, where possible, can remove significant barriers to worker participation

Klausul 6 – Planning

• Actions to address risks and opportunities (6.1)
  • when determining risks and opportunities, the organization shall take into account: hazards, OH&S risks and other risks, OH&S opportunities and other opportunities, legal requirements and other requirements
  • the process of hazard identification shall take into account,but not limited to: …how work is organized, social factors (including workload, work hours, victimization, harassment, and bullying), leadership, and the culture in the organization…
  • the organization’s methodology (ies) and criteria for the assessment of OH&S risks shall be defined with respect to their scope, nature and timing to ensure they are proactive rather than reactive and are used in a systematic way
  • the organization shall take into account the hierarchy of control and outputs from the OH&S management system when planning to take action.
  • when planning its actions, the organization shall consider best practices, technological options and financial, operational and business requirements
• OH&S Objectives and planning to achieve them (6.2)
  • when planning how to achieve its OH&S objectives, the organization shall determine: what will be done, what resources will be required, who will be responsible, when it will be completed, how the results will be evaluated including indicators for monitoring, how the actions to achieve OHS&S objectives will be integrated into the organization’s business process.

Klausul 7 – Support

• Resources (7.1)
  • Examples of resources include human, natural, infrastructure, technology and financial.
• Competence (7.2)
  • ensure the worker are competent (including the ability to identify hazards) on the basic of appropriate education , training or experience
  • applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring of, or the re-assignment of currently employed person, or the hiring or contracting of competent persons (training=mentoring, seharusnya kata coaching dimasukan)
• Awareness (7.3)
  • the ability to remove themselves from work situations that they consider present an imminent and serious danger to their life or health, as well as the arrangement for protecting them from undue consequences for doing so (hanya menghindar atau STOP dan laporkan)
• Communication (7.4)
  • … what it will communicate, when to communicate, with whom to communicate, how to communicate
  • the organization shall take into account diversity aspects (e.g. gender, language, culture, literacy, disability) when considering its communication needs.
• Documented Information (7.5)
  • creating and updating (7.5.2) and control of documented information (7.5.3)

Klausul 8 – Operation 

• Operation planning and control (8.1)
  • the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process(es) for the elimination of hazards and reduction of OH&S risks using the following hierarchy of controls: eliminate the hazard, substitute with less hazardous processes, operation, material or equipment, use engineering controls and reorganization of work, use administrative controls including training, use adequate personal protective equipment
  • the organization shall review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary (=change management)
  • the organization shall ensure that the requirements of its OH&S management system are met by contractors and their workers. It can be helpful to include the occupational health and safety criteria for the selection of contractors in the contractual documents.
• Emergency Preparedness and response (8.2)
  • the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process(es) needed to prepare for and respond to potential emergency situations (Konsep emergency respond meminjam Kepmen ESDM 1827-2018 Lampiran III adalah Identification, Preventive, Preparedness, Respond, dan Recovery)

Klausul 9 – Performance Evaluation

• Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation (9.1)
  • the organization shall establish, implement, and maintain a process (es) for monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation
  • the organization shall ensure that monitoring and measuring equipment is calibrated or verified as applicable, and is used and maintain as appropriate
  • the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process (es) for evaluating compliance with legal requirements and other requirements
• Internal Audit (9.2)
  • the organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the OH&S management system conforms to the organization’s own requirements for its OH&S management system, including the OH&S policy and OH&S objectives and is effectively implemented and maintained
  • For more information on auditing and the competence of auditors, see ISO 19001
• Management Review (9.3)
  • top management shall communicate the relevant outputs of management reviews to workers, and where they exist, workers representatives

Klausul 10 – Improvement

• Incident, nonconformity and corrective action (10.2)
  • the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process (es), including reporting, investigating and taking action, to determine and manage incidents and nonconformities
  • corrective actions shall be appropriate to the effects or potential effects of the incidents or nonconformities encountered
  • the reporting and investigation of incidents without undue delay can enable hazards to be eliminated and associated OH&S risks to be minimized as soon as possible
• Continual improvement (10.3)
  • the organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the OH&S management system

Semoga bermanfaat – Novento 8/25/2018